The use of technology in intellectual disabilities
The use of technology in people with intellectual disabilities has been gaining relevance in recent years, since digital therapies can offer various tools and resources to support the development and improvement of the quality of life in this group of people. Here are some ways digital therapies can be beneficial:
First of all, the adaptability and customization they offer is a very important point. Digital apps and programs can be tailored to each individual’s specific needs, providing a more personalized approach compared to traditional methods.
Cognitive stimulation programs are designed to stimulate various functions such as memory, attention, cognitive flexibility and problem-solving skills. These activities can be adapted to the different skill levels of people with intellectual disabilities.
For those who have difficulties in verbal communication, there are applications and devices that facilitate communication through pictograms, icons or predictive text. This can improve communication and expression of needs. Augmentative and alternative communication systems enable people with severe disabilities to be able to interact with the environment.
Even digital therapies can be used in people with intellectual disabilities to provide training in practical daily living skills, such as organization, time management, personal care and housework.
On the other hand, it is always necessary to quantify the person’s evolution with objective data and thanks to digital therapies it is possible. Technologies also allow professionals to track a person’s progress, identify areas for improvement, and adjust interventions as necessary.
Varied needs in people with intellectual disabilities
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Levels of intellectual disability are generally classified according to the severity of these limitations. Although specific categories may vary depending on the classification systems used in different countries or regions, the most commonly used classification is Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Profound/Severe.
It is essential to keep in mind that intellectual disability is a spectrum, and each person is unique. Tiering provides a general guide, but cannot fully reflect the specific capabilities and challenges of each individual.
Therefore, therapy needs to be personalized and that is precisely what new technologies facilitate, adaptability and personalization.
Examples of adapted technologies for intellectual or physical disabilities
Adaptive technologies, also known as assistive technologies or adaptive technologies, are tools designed to improve the quality of life and increase the autonomy of people with disabilities. These technologies are specifically designed to compensate for the functional limitations of people with disabilities and to facilitate their participation in society. Some examples of adapted technologies include:
- Assistive Devices for Mobility:
Electric or manual wheelchairs.
Mobility scooters.
Walkers and specialized canes. - Communication Devices:
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems, which may include communication boards, communication apps on tablets, etc.
Voice recognition systems for individuals with speech difficulties. - Visual Technologies:
Screen readers and magnification software for individuals with visual impairments.
Tactile and auditory devices for navigation. - Computer Access Devices:
Adaptive keyboards and mice.
Voice recognition software.
Alternative input devices, such as switches. - Hearing Assistance Devices:
Hearing aids and loop systems.
Cochlear implants. - Assistive Devices for Daily Living:
Ergonomically designed utensils and tools.
Support systems for kitchen and home. - Educational Support Technologies:
Adapted educational software.
Accessible books and digital materials. - Healthcare Assistance Devices:
Adapted health monitoring devices.
Medication dispensing systems.
Technology facilitates inclusion
Clearly, technology plays a crucial role in promoting social inclusion by providing tools and resources that eliminate barriers and enable equitable participation for all individuals, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.
However, some people may feel distrust or fear towards technology, either due to a lack of understanding of how it works, concerns about privacy or online security, or simply a resistance to the unknown.
Individuals with disabilities or older individuals may sometimes experience a reluctance to embrace technology due to a lack of familiarity with electronic devices. The generational gap in technology adoption is a common phenomenon.
Thanks to the use of technology in caring for individuals with disabilities, we can work towards facilitating inclusion and trying to reduce the digital divide.
